Space telegraphy.



No. 767,990. PATENTED AUG. 16, 1904.

s. STONE. I SPACE TELEGRAPHY..

APPLIUATION FILED DEC. 19. 1903.

N0 MODEL.

by ail/WE UNITEDd-S TATE S Patent ed August 16, 1904.

PATENT OF IC JOHN STONE STONE, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TOWVILLIAM W. SWAN, TRUSTEE, OF BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS.

--$PACE TEL EGRAPHY.

I SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 767,990, dated August16, 1904.

Original application filed November 25, 1903, Serial No. 182 5 632.Divided and this application filed December 19, 19053. Serial To callwhom it may concern Beg-it known that'LJonN STONE STONE, a

. citizen of the United States, and a resident of Cambridge, in th'ecounty of hliddlesex and State of Massachusetts, have inventeda certainnew and useful Improvement in Space,

. Telegraphy,tof .which the following a speci-;

' fication."

My invention relates to the art of transmitting intelligence ;from ohestation.- to another by means of j electromagnetic waves without the useof wires to guide the waves to their destinationiand it relates moreparticularly to thesystem of such transmission in which electromagneticwaves are developed by producing electric vibrations in an elevatedconductor preferably vertically elevated.-

In my Letters Patent Nos. 714,756 and 714,831, dated .December 2, 1902,and in other Letters Patent I have described systems of space telegraphyin whichelectromagnetic waves substantially simple harmonic in form aretransmitted by creating substantially simple harmonic vibrations oroscillations in a sonorous circuit or system of ciri cuits andimpressing such vibrations or oscillations upon an elevated conductor.In order that the electric vibrations so impressed upon the elevatedconductor, and consequently the electromagnetic waves radiatedtherefrom,

ically claimed therein one of the means whereby this result may beaccomplished. The means broadly described and claimed consist inproviding each circuit with sufficient auxiliary inductance to renderthe mutual inductance between it andan associated cir- I cuit smallcompared tothe square rootpf the productofthe inductance'sxof thecii'cuitss- The specific means therein claimed-was an.

auxiliary inductance-coil in eachcircuit WheIfe-J.

product of thieinductances of thetwo circuits.

.Another specific means whereby the same result is accomplished is fullyset forth by,me

,in my Letters Patent Nos. 71 832 and 7,1 1,833,

dated" December 2, 1902, -wherein'j have shown that the function ofatheauxiliaryim ductance-coil may be performed byithe priby the mutualinductance-between said cir- :7 Jcuit and an associated circuit;rendered -.small compared to the square rootkof the mary of thetransformer connectingithe sonorous circuit with the elevated conductorby so pro-portioning said primary that it shall supply the auxiliaryinductance, which in. the other specific form of my invention wassupplied by means of the auxiliary inductanc e V coil.

This is accomplished s0 designing thetransformer that the ratio L1 L2,.compared to unity, which is the opposite resorted to in the constructionof the so called constant current-transformers, and it may also beaccomplished .in a plurality of ways set forth in my Letters Patent Nos.717 A67 and 717,515, in the art of wire telegraphy.

In the present specification 1 confine myself is small course fromthat'in general pursued in con- .structmg a step-up transformer, and isonly and limit my claims to means for reducing a complex ofconductively-connected circuits to the equivalent of a system ofcircuits each of a single degree of freedom. The circuits in this caseat the transmitting-station are a sonorous circuit or closed oscillator,which is a persistently oscillating poor radiating circuit, andan'elevated transmitting-conductor or linear oscillator, which is a'poor oscillator and good radiating-circuit. At the receivingstation thecircuits are an elevated receiving conductor or linear oscillator,whic'his apoor oscillator and a good-absorbing circuit, and a closedresonant circuit, which is'a persistently-oscillating circuit, andtherefore apoor absorbing-circuit, except for the energy of f tuned. Theparticular Incansemploy'ed for currents of the" frequency 'to which itis atreducing the aforesaid complex of conduct? ively-connected circuitsto the equivalent of a system'ofcircuits each having a single de gree offreedom is a condenser or capacity "small compared with the capacity ofthe con denser which connects the two circuits. In my Letters PatentNos; 717,467 and 717,515 in the art-of wire telegraphy I have describedfandjclaimed this specific means of reducing a "complex of circuits tothe equivalent of a syste'ln'of circuits each of afsingle degree offreedom, @The underlying principle forac- 'couipli'shin'g this .-resultis in all instances that the mutual energy of each circuit with all ofthe interrelated circuits of, the system shall be small compared.withxthe self-energy-of saidcircuit. I r

There'lation of the specific invention herein to be'claimed't o thebroad principle herein- ,before stated maybe best understood by' havingreference to the drawings which accompany andform a part of the presentspecification. i I In the drawings, Figure 1 represents in diagramapparatus and arrangements-of circuits constituting atransmitting-system. Fig.- 2

' represents in diagram apparatus and arrangements. of circuitsconstituting. a recelvlng system! 1 .that ,of the' condenserfC, theoscillations in uit.

the same-asthat to which" the resonant circuit ln-the figures, V is'anelevated conductor.

M 15' a transformer. Y L L 1 are inductances. G C C1 C" are condensers sis a spark-gap. A is an alternating-currentgenerator or other source ofperiodically-varying electromotive force. B is a battery. R is a relay.K isa receiver herein illustrated as a coherer. I: is akey 'Y In Fig. 1the elevated conductor is conductively conne'ctedto a sonorous circuit 8C C L. In order to impress a simple harmonic'electromotive force uponthe elevated conductonV, e-lectrical oscillations are produced 1nthesonorous circuit. These give rise to, a corresponding difference ofpotential elevated-con corresponding forced-simple harmonic elec- .'tricoscillation'siresuljt therein, The capacity of the condenser'C beinglarge compared-to the sonorous circuit are not materially affected bythe association of this circuit with'the elevatedconduetor system;

ductively associated with ajres'onant circuit C L G. i l I Y cillationsr'e set up in the elevated conductor,

a corresponding difference of potential is set up at the terminals ofthe condenser, C','and

{corresponding forced simple 'harmonic'elec.

cal vibrations result in the resonant cir- If thefrequency'of thesevibrations is 1 tion, Serial 1903..

In Fig,'*;2 the elevatedfconductoris con- When simple harmonici electricosis attuned, said resonant circuit responds en ergeticall'y'and haselectrical oscillations of relatively great 1 amplitude developed in it,

whereas if the frequency of these vibrations be difierent from that towhich the resonant circuit is attuned the resonant circuit re-' spondsbut feeblyand has electric oscillations of relatively small amplitudedeveloped in it. The capacity'of the condenser C being great 'comparedto that .of the condenser C, the oscillations in the resonant circuitare not Ina terially affected by the'association of this circuit withthe elevated conductor.

' No mention has heretofore been made of the function of the condensersU", as these condensers are not essential to the tuning of the circuits.in which they are placed, but merely 'SGIV8 to shunt the relays R out ofthe resonant circuits. In order that these condensersmay not appreciablyaffect the tuningof the circuits in which they are included, and therebylower the resonant rise of potential at the plates of the condenser C,they are so constructed as to have large capacities compared to thecapacities of the condenser (J. v

No mention has heretofore been made of the function .of the condensers Cand inductance coils L1, as the functions of these elements have beenfully described in my applications, Serial No. 193,371 and SerialNo.'193,372, filed February 13, 1904:, and as they form no essentialpart ofthe present invention.

Thisapplication is a division-of my applica- No. 182,632, filed November25,

the resonant circuit with the elevated conductor, and means whereby themutual energy of p the resonant circuit with the elevated conductor isrendered small compared to'the self-en ergy of said resonant circuit.

3. In a system of space tel'egraphy, a persistently-oscillating circuit,an elevated conductor'and, acondenser for conductivelycOnnccting thepersistently-oscillating circuit with the elevated conductor, and meanswherebythemutual energy of the'persistently-oscillatijng circuit-withthe elevated conductor is rendered small compared to the self-energyofsaid pers'istently-oscillating circuits 1 4. 'Inla systemof spacetelegraphy, a sono-- rousicircuitl'containin'g"acondenser, an elevatedtransmitting-conductor connected to the terminals of said condensenandanother consmall compared to the capacity-of the first Corrections inPaterit N (i."-7 6 7,990.

conductor is rendered small'compared to the 'self-nergyof said resonantciraui j I 6. In a system of space telegraphy,; a persist? 'cntl y-oscillating circuit "containing a condenser, an elevatedconductor'connectedj to the mentioned condenser-whereby the mutual ene'g'y of the sonorous circuit with the elevated self-energy of saids'onorous circuit 5. In asystem-of space telegraphy, a res'o-' v 'nantcircuit containing a condensergvan elevated receiving-conductorconnected to the terminals of said condenser and another condenser insaid resonant circuit of; capacity small compared to the capacity "ofthe fi'rst .mentionecl condenser whereby the mutual energy of theresonant circuit with} the eleyate'd conductor-is rendered smallcompared to the terminals of said condenser, and another con? denser insaid persistently-oscillating circuit of capacity small compared .to thecapacity of the first mentioned condenser whereby the mutual energy ofthe persistentl-yoscillating" circuit with the elevated conductor isrendered signed and sealed this 11th: day of ulyh; 1),, 1 905.

I small compared to the sclf energy of said per- Sistently-oscillatingcir cui t. 7. In a system of space telegraphy, a sonorous circuit, anelevated" transmitting-conduc; tor, a condenser 'for 'condu'ctivelyconnecting 3 the sonorous circuitwiththe elevated conductor, and meanswhereby the mutual energy of.

the sonorous circuit with the elevated conductor is rendered smallcompared to the self-energy of said sonorous circuit, in combination 35with a resonant circuit an elevated receiving -conductor,a condenser forconnecting the resonant circuitwith the elevated conductor, and

means whereby the mutual energy of the resonant circuit with theelevated conductor is rcn dered small compared to the self-energy. ofsaid resonant circuit. o in testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribedmy name this 12th dayof December," 1903- V v JOHN STONE STONE. v 'Witnesses: I .Gr. ADELAI E. HIGGINS,-

ELLEN B. TOMLINSON.

It is hereby certified that n, Lders Patten-trio; 76,7590, grained Augut 16,1904,

upon the application John- Stone Stone, of Canibridge, -Massachusetts,for an vimprovement in ""Space' Telegraphy, errors appear in printedspecification. requiring correction,' follo ws :On' page 1 1 ine 76,'the quotations inc lo sing the Word constant and the hyphen betwee theWord '4 urrent and transformers u should the stricken out, and line 8 7,san ie page, a comma should be inserted after i the word oscillatin andthat the said LettersdPaten t should be read with these correctionstherein that the same,may conform to therecord of the case in the'PatentF. I. ALLEN,

Oo'rimziissioner of Patents.

small compared to the capacity-of the first Corrections in Paterit N(i."-7 6 7,990.

conductor is rendered small'compared to the 'self-nergyof said resonantciraui j I 6. In a system of space telegraphy,; a persist? 'cntl y-oscillating circuit "containing a condenser, an elevatedconductor'connectedj to the mentioned condenser-whereby the mutual ene'g'y of the sonorous circuit with the elevated self-energy of saids'onorous circuit 5. In asystem-of space telegraphy, a res'o-' v 'nantcircuit containing a condensergvan elevated receiving-conductorconnected to the terminals of said condenser and another condenser insaid resonant circuit of; capacity small compared to the capacity "ofthe fi'rst .mentionecl condenser whereby the mutual energy of theresonant circuit with} the eleyate'd conductor-is rendered smallcompared to the terminals of said condenser, and another con? denser insaid persistently-oscillating circuit of capacity small compared .to thecapacity of the first mentioned condenser whereby the mutual energy ofthe persistentl-yoscillating" circuit with the elevated conductor isrendered signed and sealed this 11th: day of ulyh; 1),, 1 905.

I small compared to the sclf energy of said per- Sistently-oscillatingcir cui t. 7. In a system of space telegraphy, a sonorous circuit, anelevated" transmitting-conduc; tor, a condenser 'for 'condu'ctivelyconnecting 3 the sonorous circuitwiththe elevated conductor, and meanswhereby the mutual energy of.

the sonorous circuit with the elevated conductor is rendered smallcompared to the self-energy of said sonorous circuit, in combination 35with a resonant circuit an elevated receiving -conductor,a condenser forconnecting the resonant circuitwith the elevated conductor, and

means whereby the mutual energy of the resonant circuit with theelevated conductor is rcn dered small compared to the self-energy. ofsaid resonant circuit. o in testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribedmy name this 12th dayof December," 1903- V v JOHN STONE STONE. v 'Witnesses: I .Gr. ADELAI E. HIGGINS,-

ELLEN B. TOMLINSON.

It is hereby certified that n, Lders Patten-trio; 76,7590, grained Augut 16,1904,

upon the application John- Stone Stone, of Canibridge, -Massachusetts,for an vimprovement in ""Space' Telegraphy, errors appear in printedspecification. requiring correction,' follo ws :On' page 1 1 ine 76,'the quotations inc lo sing the Word constant and the hyphen betwee theWord '4 urrent and transformers u should the stricken out, and line 8 7,san ie page, a comma should be inserted after i the word oscillatin andthat the said LettersdPaten t should be read with these correctionstherein that the same,may conform to therecord of the case in the'PatentF. I. ALLEN,

Oo'rimziissioner of Patents.

Correct It is hereby certified that in, Letters Patent No. 767,990,granted August 16, 1904, upon the application of John Stone Stone, ofCambridge, Massachusetts, for an improvement in Space Telegraphy, errorsappear in the printed specification requiring correction, as follows: Onpage 1 line 76, the quotations inclosing the word constant and thehyphen between the words current and transformers" should be strickenout, and in line 87, same page, a comma should be inserted after theword oscillating"; and that the said Letters Patent should be read withthese corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of thecase in the Patent Oflloe.

Signed and sealed this 11th da of July, A. 1),, 1905.

[SEAL] F. 1. ALLEN,

Corimeissioner of Patch/s.

